Hallux Dorsiflexion (Closed Chain)
Closed chain - the hallux is measured off the supporting surface (horizontal plane).

Be careful to measure the proximal phalanx, as the distal phalanx can dorsiflex further at the distal phalangophalangeal joint.

Tibial Varum
With the subtalar joint in neutral position, place one edge of an inclinometer along the apex of the tibial crest, at the lower third of the bone.

If the tibia is vertical or up to 4° inverted, the alignment of the bone is within acceptable limits. If it is greater than 4° inverted, the subtalar joint will pronate excessively to achieve ground contact with the medial calcaneal condyle. If the tibia is inverted greater than 7° the amount of subtalar joint motion required to achieve calcaneal contact is pathologic.